Top 10 Biggest Cities in Iraq by Population
Iraq, a country with a rich historical heritage and cultural significance, is home to some of the oldest cities in the world. Its cities reflect a blend of ancient history, vibrant culture, and modern growth. Each major city, from the bustling capital of Baghdad to the holy city of Najaf, holds a unique place in Iraq’s story and showcases its importance in the region. Over the years, Iraq’s urban centers have evolved, balancing tradition with development, and today, they play significant roles in the country’s economy, education, and religious life.
Here are the top 10 cities in Iraq by population.
1. Baghdad
Overview
Baghdad, the capital and largest city of Iraq, is a historic and cultural center with a past that dates back over a thousand years. Founded during the Islamic Golden Age, Baghdad was once a global hub of knowledge, science, and culture. Despite challenges in recent decades, Baghdad remains the political, economic, and cultural heart of Iraq.
Population
- Approximate Population: Over 8 million
Key Features
- Al-Mustansiriya University: One of the oldest universities in the world, dating back to the 13th century.
- Baghdad Museum: Home to an extensive collection of artifacts from Mesopotamia, reflecting Iraq’s ancient history.
- Al-Kadhimiya Mosque: A significant Shia shrine and pilgrimage site, dedicated to the Imams Musa al-Kadhim and Muhammad al-Jawad.
- Mutanabbi Street: Known for its book market and cafes, this street is a center for Baghdad’s literary community.
Why Visit Baghdad?
Baghdad’s blend of historical sites, vibrant markets, and cultural landmarks make it a fascinating destination. The city offers a deep dive into Iraq’s storied past and its role in the Islamic Golden Age.
2. Basra
Overview
Basra, located in southern Iraq near the Persian Gulf, is a major port city and economic hub. Known for its trade and oil industry, Basra has a rich maritime history and is the primary access point to the Gulf. The city’s climate and scenic rivers also make it one of Iraq’s more unique urban centers.
Population
- Approximate Population: 2.7 million
Key Features
- Basra Corniche: A scenic riverside promenade along the Shatt al-Arab River, lined with palm trees, cafes, and restaurants.
- Sinbad Island: A popular recreational area named after the legendary sailor Sinbad, who is believed to have originated from Basra.
- Oil Industry: Basra is a major center for Iraq’s oil production and exports, hosting numerous oil refineries and facilities.
- Historical Port: Basra’s port has been a critical trading center for centuries, connecting Iraq to the Gulf and beyond.
Why Visit Basra?
Basra’s importance as an economic hub, coupled with its maritime heritage and scenic beauty, make it an intriguing city to explore. The city’s riverside views and unique position near the Gulf add to its charm.
3. Mosul
Overview
Mosul, located in northern Iraq along the Tigris River, is one of the country’s oldest cities. Known for its ancient architecture, Mosul has a diverse cultural heritage, with influences from Assyrian, Christian, and Islamic civilizations. Although heavily affected by recent conflicts, Mosul remains a symbol of resilience and cultural richness.
Population
- Approximate Population: 1.7 million
Key Features
- Mosul Grand Mosque (Al-Nuri Mosque): Known for its leaning minaret, this mosque was a historical landmark until it was damaged in recent conflicts.
- Nabi Yunus Shrine: A revered site believed to be the tomb of the Prophet Jonah, significant to both Muslims and Christians.
- Mosul Museum: Although damaged, the museum houses artifacts from Iraq’s ancient civilizations.
- Old City of Mosul: Known for its narrow streets, traditional houses, and historical architecture.
Why Visit Mosul?
Mosul’s rich history and significant landmarks make it a city of deep cultural and religious importance. The city’s rebuilding efforts reflect its resilience and hope for the future.
4. Erbil (Hawler)
Overview
Erbil, also known as Hawler, is the capital of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, Erbil boasts a fascinating mix of ancient sites, Kurdish culture, and modern development. It is a key political and cultural center for the Kurdish people.
Population
- Approximate Population: 1.6 million
Key Features
- Erbil Citadel: A UNESCO World Heritage site, this ancient citadel has been continuously inhabited for thousands of years.
- Sami Abdulrahman Park: One of the largest parks in Iraq, offering green spaces, lakes, and recreational areas.
- Erbil International Fairground: A center for trade fairs and exhibitions, reflecting Erbil’s economic growth.
- Kurdish Cultural Landmarks: Erbil is home to cultural institutions celebrating Kurdish heritage, including museums and art galleries.
Why Visit Erbil?
Erbil’s blend of ancient and modern attractions make it an important destination. The citadel, cultural landmarks, and bustling markets provide a unique insight into Kurdish culture and history.
5. Sulaymaniyah
Overview
Sulaymaniyah, located in the northeastern part of Iraq, is a cultural and educational hub in the Kurdistan Region. Known for its vibrant arts scene, universities, and modern infrastructure, Sulaymaniyah is a center for Kurdish literature, music, and cinema.
Population
- Approximate Population: 930,000
Key Features
- Sulaymaniyah Museum: The second-largest museum in Iraq, with exhibits on Kurdish and Mesopotamian history.
- Amna Suraka Museum: A former prison turned into a museum commemorating Kurdish struggles and the Anfal genocide.
- Azadi Park: A large public park with walking paths, lakes, and areas for relaxation.
- Cultural Festivals: Sulaymaniyah hosts various festivals celebrating Kurdish literature, film, and music.
Why Visit Sulaymaniyah?
Sulaymaniyah’s cultural significance, museums, and scenic parks make it an attractive city for those interested in Kurdish culture. The city’s modern vibe and artistic community offer a fresh perspective on Iraq’s diversity.
6. Kirkuk
Overview
Kirkuk, an oil-rich city in northern Iraq, is known for its diverse population and complex cultural heritage. With a mix of Kurdish, Arab, Turkmen, and Assyrian communities, Kirkuk has historical significance and is an important center for Iraq’s oil industry.
Population
- Approximate Population: 900,000
Key Features
- Kirkuk Citadel: A historic fortress offering panoramic views of the city, with ancient Assyrian origins.
- Oil Refineries: Kirkuk is a major center for oil production in Iraq, hosting extensive refineries and pipelines.
- Multiethnic Culture: The city’s diversity is reflected in its cultural events, language, and local traditions.
- Old City Markets: Kirkuk’s markets offer traditional goods, handicrafts, and local foods.
Why Visit Kirkuk?
Kirkuk’s blend of history, cultural diversity, and economic importance make it an intriguing destination. The city’s citadel and bustling markets offer a window into Iraq’s multicultural society.
7. Najaf
Overview
Najaf is one of the holiest cities in Shia Islam, attracting millions of pilgrims annually. Located south of Baghdad, Najaf is home to the Imam Ali Shrine and serves as a major religious center. The city also has a strong academic tradition, with one of the largest Islamic seminaries in the world.
Population
- Approximate Population: 800,000
Key Features
- Imam Ali Shrine: The burial place of Imam Ali, cousin of the Prophet Muhammad, and a major pilgrimage site for Shia Muslims.
- Valley of Peace Cemetery (Wadi-us-Salaam): One of the largest cemeteries in the world, considered a sacred burial ground.
- Religious Schools: Najaf’s religious schools attract students and scholars from around the world.
- Pilgrimage Economy: The city’s economy is largely driven by religious tourism, with numerous hotels, markets, and services catering to pilgrims.
Why Visit Najaf?
Najaf’s religious significance and spiritual atmosphere make it a unique destination. The city’s holy sites and academic institutions reflect its important role in the Islamic world.
8. Karbala
Overview
Karbala, another major city for Shia Islam, is known for its holy sites and annual pilgrimage ceremonies. Located southwest of Baghdad, Karbala is home to the shrines of Imam Hussein and Abbas, making it one of the most important pilgrimage destinations in the Muslim world.
Population
- Approximate Population: 700,000
Key Features
- Imam Hussein Shrine: A revered site marking the burial place of Imam Hussein, a key figure in Shia Islam.
- Al-Abbas Shrine: Dedicated to Abbas, brother of Imam Hussein, and another significant pilgrimage site.
- Arbaeen Pilgrimage: An annual event where millions of Shia Muslims walk to Karbala to honor Imam Hussein’s martyrdom.
- Markets and Souks: The city’s markets cater to pilgrims, offering religious items, crafts, and souvenirs.
Why Visit Karbala?
Karbala’s profound religious significance and vibrant pilgrimage events make it a city like no other. The city’s holy sites and traditional markets provide a unique spiritual experience.
9. Hilla
Overview
Hilla, located on the Euphrates River, is best known for its proximity to the ancient city of Babylon. While Hilla itself is a modern city, it serves as a gateway to one of Iraq’s most famous archaeological sites and has a thriving local community.
Population
- Approximate Population: 600,000
Key Features
- Babylon Ruins: Hilla is close to the ancient ruins of Babylon, featuring the Ishtar Gate and remnants of the Hanging Gardens.
- Hilla Bridge: A historic bridge over the Euphrates River, offering scenic views of the surrounding area.
- Modern City Amenities: Hilla has a variety of restaurants, markets, and recreational spaces.
- Cultural Festivals: The city celebrates cultural events honoring its heritage and connection to Babylon.
Why Visit Hilla?
Hilla’s proximity to Babylon makes it an ideal base for exploring one of the world’s most famous ancient cities. The city’s modern amenities and scenic river views add to its appeal.
10. Diwaniyah
Overview
Diwaniyah, also known as Al-Qadisiyyah, is a city in southern Iraq known for its agricultural economy and local traditions. With fertile lands along the Euphrates, Diwaniyah is a key agricultural center and a city with a strong sense of community.
Population
- Approximate Population: 500,000
Key Features
- Agricultural Production: Diwaniyah is known for its production of rice, wheat, and vegetables.
- Local Markets: The city’s markets are filled with fresh produce, handicrafts, and traditional goods.
- Community Events: Diwaniyah hosts local festivals and gatherings that celebrate its agricultural heritage.
- Scenic Countryside: The surrounding countryside along the Euphrates offers peaceful landscapes and rural charm.
Why Visit Diwaniyah?
Diwaniyah’s agricultural roots, local traditions, and vibrant markets make it a great city to experience rural Iraqi life. The city’s community-centered atmosphere and scenic surroundings provide a unique perspective on Iraq.