April marks the transition between the cooler months of winter and the intense heat of summer in Iraq. The country, located in the Middle East, experiences a predominantly arid and semi-arid climate, with wide variations in temperature depending on the region. While northern Iraq enjoys relatively mild conditions in April, southern regions start to feel the onset of summer heat. This month is also notable for its light rainfall, especially in the northern mountainous regions, making it a prime time for travelers to explore the country’s rich historical and cultural landmarks. However, it is important to prepare for the extreme weather that can emerge as the month progresses.

Average Temperatures

Iraq experiences substantial temperature variations throughout the month of April, with the northern highlands being significantly cooler than the lowland desert regions in the south.

• Northern Iraq (Kurdistan Region): In cities like Erbil, Dohuk, and Sulaymaniyah, temperatures in April are moderate and enjoyable. Daytime highs typically range between 18°C (64°F) and 22°C (72°F), while nighttime lows can drop to around 8°C (46°F) to 12°C (54°F). The cooler temperatures make the Kurdistan region an excellent destination for hiking and outdoor activities during this time of year.
• Central and Southern Iraq: In cities like Baghdad, Karbala, and Najaf, the temperatures begin to rise in April, with daytime highs reaching between 25°C (77°F) and 30°C (86°F). Nights are relatively cooler, with lows ranging from 12°C (54°F) to 18°C (64°F). These central and southern regions start to experience the onset of the desert heat, and temperatures can be quite warm during the day.
• Desert Regions: The southern desert areas, such as Basra, experience higher temperatures, with highs reaching 30°C (86°F) to 35°C (95°F) in April. Night temperatures in these areas cool off to 15°C (59°F) to 20°C (68°F), but the heat during the day can be oppressive.

Table of Average Temperatures and Precipitation (Last 10 Years)

Year	Average High (°C)	Average Low (°C)	Precipitation (mm)
2024	28	14	15
2023	29	15	20
2022	30	16	10
2021	27	14	12
2020	28	15	18
2019	30	17	13
2018	29	15	22
2017	27	13	16
2016	29	16	19
2015	30	17	14

Precipitation Levels

In April, Iraq receives limited rainfall, but it is still a transition period from the winter rainy season to the dry, hot summer months. Rain is more common in the northern regions, where the terrain is mountainous, while the central and southern regions experience dry conditions.

• Northern Iraq: The Kurdistan region receives the most precipitation in April, with rainfall averaging between 15 mm and 30 mm. This rain is typically sporadic, occurring as short showers or thunderstorms, and it is more likely to occur in the early part of the month. This area benefits from the rain as it helps to nourish the lush landscapes of the mountains.
• Central and Southern Iraq: Central and southern Iraq, including cities like Baghdad and Karbala, receive little to no rainfall during April. Precipitation levels in these areas are typically below 10 mm for the entire month, making it one of the driest months of the year. The weather is largely dry and sunny, with minimal disruptions due to rain.
• Snow: Snow is rare in April in Iraq, except in the highest parts of the Kurdistan region, particularly in the mountainous areas around Erbil and Sulaymaniyah. While it is unlikely to see snow in the lower elevations, some higher-altitude regions may still experience a dusting of snow, particularly in the early part of the month.

Wind Patterns

Wind patterns in Iraq during April are generally light to moderate, but they can become more intense during certain periods, particularly in the desert regions and in the mountains.

• Coastal and Desert Areas: Winds in the coastal areas near Basra and the desert regions are typically light to moderate, with average wind speeds of 15 km/h to 25 km/h. However, dust storms can occur, especially in the southern desert areas, where strong winds can whip up dust and sand, significantly reducing visibility and affecting outdoor activities.
• Mountainous Regions: In the northern mountainous areas, wind speeds tend to be lighter, ranging from 10 km/h to 15 km/h, with occasional gusts during thunderstorms. The winds are less disruptive here compared to the desert regions, but they can still bring a noticeable breeze, especially during the evenings.
• Gusts and Sandstorms: As the month progresses, wind speeds may increase, and the risk of sandstorms in the southern desert regions increases, especially in the late afternoon. These sandstorms can be quite intense and should be considered when planning any outdoor activities in the central or southern regions.

Atmospheric Pressure

April in Iraq is typically marked by stable atmospheric pressure, with high-pressure systems dominating the region during most of the month. These systems bring clear skies and dry weather conditions, particularly in the central and southern areas.

• High Pressure: High-pressure systems are common in Iraq in April, contributing to the dry, sunny conditions in most parts of the country. These systems bring clear skies, low humidity, and high temperatures, making it an excellent time to explore the country’s historical and cultural sites.
• Low Pressure: Low-pressure systems are less common during April, but they can bring occasional rain showers, particularly in the northern regions. These systems are often weak and short-lived, and once they pass, the weather returns to the dry, warm conditions typical of the month.

Things to Consider for Travelers

April in Iraq presents both favorable weather for outdoor exploration and challenges due to the high temperatures and potential for sandstorms. Here are some key considerations for those planning to travel to Iraq during this month:

1. Pack for Hot Weather

Iraq experiences high temperatures during April, particularly in the southern and central regions. Light, breathable clothing is essential, as well as comfortable shoes for walking and exploring. Long sleeves and pants are advisable to protect your skin from the sun. Bring a hat or other sun protection to shield your face from the harsh rays.

• Evening Wear: While the days are hot, nights in some areas can be cooler, especially in the northern highlands. A light jacket or sweater may be necessary in these regions.

2. Stay Hydrated

The dry heat in Iraq during April can cause dehydration, especially when spending long periods outdoors. Be sure to drink plenty of water throughout the day, particularly when exploring historical sites or touring the cities. Bottled water is widely available, but it’s best to carry your own refillable water bottle.

3. Prepare for Dust and Sandstorms

While the risk of sandstorms is relatively low in April, they are still a possibility, particularly in the desert regions of southern Iraq. If you’re traveling to areas like Basra or other desert locations, bring a scarf or face mask to protect yourself from dust and sand. It’s also wise to wear protective eyewear to avoid irritation from blowing sand.

4. Sun Protection

The sun in Iraq can be intense, so sunscreen with a high SPF is essential to protect your skin from UV radiation. Reapply sunscreen throughout the day, particularly after swimming or sweating, and don’t forget to apply it to areas like your ears, neck, and feet.

5. Plan for Outdoor Activities Early or Late in the Day

Given the high temperatures, it’s best to schedule outdoor activities like sightseeing, hiking, or exploring historical sites in the early morning or late afternoon, when the weather is cooler. The midday heat, particularly in southern Iraq, can make these activities uncomfortable, so plan accordingly to avoid the peak heat of the day.

6. Check Local Conditions for Dust Storms

If you’re planning to visit the desert areas or travel by car in April, check local weather conditions for dust storms or high winds, especially in the southern regions. These storms can affect visibility, disrupt transportation, and make outdoor activities difficult.

7. Understand Local Culture and Customs

Iraq has a rich cultural and religious heritage, and it’s important to be respectful of local customs and traditions. Dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites or interacting with locals. When traveling in Iraq, particularly in more rural areas, be aware of local customs regarding gender interactions, public behavior, and photography.

Things to Do in Iraq in April

1. Visit the Ancient City of Babylon

April is a great time to visit Babylon, one of Iraq’s most famous archaeological sites. The weather is warm but manageable, and you can explore the ruins of this ancient city, including the Ishtar Gate, the ruins of the Hanging Gardens (though not fully visible), and the Ziggurat. The dry weather allows for comfortable touring of the site.

2. Explore the Historical Sites in Baghdad

Baghdad, Iraq’s capital, offers rich cultural and historical experiences. Visit the National Museum of Iraq, which houses one of the most important collections of Mesopotamian artifacts in the world. You can also explore the Al-Mutanabbi Street, home to many historical bookshops, and the Great Mosque of Al-Kadhimayn.

3. Discover the Ancient Ruins of Ur

The ancient city of Ur, located near Nasiriyah, is one of the most significant archaeological sites in Iraq. April’s moderate temperatures make it an ideal time to visit the ruins of the Ziggurat of Ur, an impressive structure that dates back to around 2100 BCE. The site offers insight into the ancient Sumerian civilization.

4. Visit the Marshes of Southern Iraq

The marshlands in southern Iraq, once home to the ancient Sumerians, offer unique natural beauty and wildlife viewing opportunities. In April, the weather is warm but not too hot, making it a perfect time to explore this UNESCO World Heritage site. You can take boat trips to see the marshes, the local fauna, and villages of the Marsh Arabs.

5. Hike in the Kurdish Region

The northern Kurdish region, particularly around the cities of Erbil and Sulaymaniyah, offers beautiful landscapes, including rugged mountains, valleys, and historical sites. April’s mild weather makes it a great time for hiking, trekking, and exploring the natural beauty of the area. The Gali Ali Beg waterfall near Erbil is a popular hiking destination.

6. Explore the City of Karbala

Karbala, one of the most important pilgrimage sites for Shia Muslims, is a place of deep religious and cultural significance. Although the city is generally quiet, it’s important to visit during a time when you can explore the shrine of Imam Hussein, especially if you’re interested in the spiritual and cultural aspects of Iraq.

7. Relax in Basra’s Seaside Parks

Basra, located on the Shatt al-Arab river, is a beautiful coastal city with mild temperatures in April. Spend time walking along the Corniche, enjoying the views of the river and the Persian Gulf, or visit some of the city’s parks for a leisurely afternoon. The mild weather allows for comfortable outdoor activities and relaxing strolls.