Iraq experiences a hot desert climate with extreme seasonal temperature fluctuations. January is part of the cooler season, and it is one of the best months for visiting the country due to the relatively mild weather compared to the scorching heat of summer. While January is the middle of the winter season, Iraq still enjoys a generally dry climate, with significant regional variations in temperature, precipitation, and wind conditions.

Average Temperatures in January

Highest and Lowest Temperatures

In January, temperatures in Iraq can be cool to mild during the day but drop considerably at night, especially in the desert and mountainous regions.

1. Baghdad and Central Iraq: Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, experiences mild winter temperatures in January. Daytime highs typically range from 14°C (57°F) to 18°C (64°F), while the nights can get significantly colder, with lows around 4°C (39°F) to 6°C (43°F). The weather is generally clear and dry, with the occasional cold spell or wind from the north. Precipitation is rare in Baghdad during this time, and the skies tend to remain sunny.
2. Southern Iraq (Basra, Nasiriyah): In southern Iraq, cities like Basra and Nasiriyah experience similar temperatures to Baghdad, but the region tends to be slightly warmer due to its proximity to the Persian Gulf. Daytime highs are around 18°C (64°F) to 21°C (70°F), with nighttime lows ranging between 8°C (46°F) and 10°C (50°F). Rain is uncommon in southern Iraq, but occasional showers or light drizzle can occur during the month.
3. Northern Iraq (Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Dohuk): The northern regions of Iraq, including cities like Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, and Dohuk, are more mountainous and experience colder temperatures in January. Daytime temperatures typically range from 7°C (45°F) to 10°C (50°F), while nighttime lows can drop below freezing, especially at higher elevations, with temperatures ranging from -1°C (30°F) to 2°C (36°F). Snow is possible in these areas, particularly in the mountainous regions.
4. Western Iraq (Anbar, Fallujah): In western Iraq, including cities like Anbar and Fallujah, the temperatures are typically cold during the day, ranging from 10°C (50°F) to 14°C (57°F), with nighttime lows around 4°C (39°F) to 6°C (43°F). The region can experience clear, dry conditions, and precipitation is rare in this desert-like area.

Temperature Table for January (Past 10 Years)

The table below summarizes the average temperatures and precipitation levels for various cities across Iraq during January. It highlights how temperatures vary between the northern, central, southern, and western regions of the country.

Year	Baghdad (High/Low) °C	Basra (High/Low) °C	Erbil (High/Low) °C	Anbar (High/Low) °C	Precipitation (mm)
2015	16/5	19/9	8/2	12/5	10
2016	18/6	21/10	10/2	13/6	8
2017	14/4	18/8	9/0	11/4	15
2018	17/5	20/8	9/3	12/6	12
2019	15/5	18/9	7/2	10/4	6
2020	14/4	18/8	8/3	13/5	5
2021	16/6	19/10	10/1	12/5	7
2022	17/6	20/9	8/2	11/5	10
2023	15/4	19/9	9/1	13/5	8
2024	16/5	19/8	10/3	12/6	7

Precipitation Levels in January

January is part of the winter season in Iraq, which tends to be dry in most areas. Precipitation in the country during this month is generally low, but some regions may experience light rain, particularly in the northern and western parts of the country.

1. Baghdad and Central Iraq: In Baghdad, precipitation in January is minimal, with average rainfall levels between 5 mm and 15 mm. This is typical for central Iraq, where dry conditions prevail. Most of the rain that falls in Baghdad occurs in short, light showers, and heavy rainfall is uncommon in January.
2. Southern Iraq (Basra, Nasiriyah): Southern Iraq, being closer to the Persian Gulf, experiences slightly higher humidity, but precipitation levels are still very low in January. Rainfall in cities like Basra averages around 5 mm to 10 mm. Rainfall is infrequent and, if it occurs, is usually brief and light.
3. Northern Iraq (Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Dohuk): The northern regions of Iraq, which are more mountainous, tend to receive more precipitation in January. Rainfall in cities like Erbil can range from 15 mm to 20 mm, with the possibility of snow, especially in higher elevations. The mountainous terrain can lead to localized rain and snowstorms, though precipitation is still generally light compared to many other regions.
4. Western Iraq (Anbar, Fallujah): In western Iraq, precipitation is extremely low during January, with rainfall levels typically under 5 mm. This desert region is very dry, and the likelihood of rain is minimal. Snow is also rare in this area.

Snowfall in Iraq

Snowfall is uncommon in most parts of Iraq but can occur in the northern and higher-altitude regions, particularly in the mountainous areas near the Turkish and Iranian borders. Cities like Erbil and Sulaymaniyah may receive some snow in January, especially in the mountains, but it is not a regular occurrence. Snow accumulation is typically light, and it usually melts quickly once the weather warms up.

In the central and southern regions of Iraq, snowfall is extremely rare. However, light snowflakes might occasionally fall in the coldest periods of the month, especially in northern Iraq’s elevated areas.

Wind Patterns in January

In January, Iraq experiences moderate to strong winds, particularly in the desert and mountainous regions. The prevailing winds come from the northwest, which can bring cold air from the Mediterranean and surrounding areas. These winds can create cold and dry conditions, and in some regions, dust storms may occur, especially in desert areas like Anbar.

The winds can also be intense in the northern regions, where the proximity to mountainous terrain can funnel and intensify wind speeds. These winds contribute to the chilly atmosphere and make the temperatures feel even colder, particularly in the evenings.

Atmospheric Pressure in January

In January, atmospheric pressure in Iraq tends to be relatively high, with average readings ranging from 1015 hPa to 1025 hPa. The high-pressure systems bring clear skies and dry conditions to most of the country. However, low-pressure systems from the Mediterranean or the Caspian Sea can sometimes bring short-lived rain showers or snow in the northern and western regions.

In general, the atmospheric pressure is stable during January, contributing to the dry and cool weather conditions across the country. The lack of significant storms or extreme weather patterns makes January a relatively calm month for travelers, although the cold can still be intense in certain regions.

What to Consider for Traveling to Iraq in January

Packing for the Weather

Given the cold weather in Iraq during January, travelers should pack warm clothing for their trip. Layering is essential to stay comfortable in the fluctuating temperatures between daytime and nighttime. Warm jackets, thermal layers, scarves, hats, and gloves are all necessary for traveling in the northern and central regions. For those heading to higher altitudes in the north, be prepared for even colder temperatures and the possibility of snow.

In southern Iraq, temperatures are more moderate, but it’s still important to bring appropriate warm-weather clothing, particularly in the evenings when temperatures can dip. Comfortable shoes are important for walking in cities, and sturdy, waterproof footwear may be useful if traveling to snowy or wet areas in the north.

Health and Safety Considerations

While Iraq has made significant strides in improving safety for travelers, it is essential to stay informed about the political and security situation in the country, particularly in areas that may be experiencing conflict. It’s advisable to check travel advisories before embarking on your journey and ensure you’re familiar with the safety precautions.

Due to the cold temperatures, it is important to protect your skin from dryness and cold-induced conditions. Carry a good moisturizer and lip balm to avoid chapped skin. Additionally, travelers should stay hydrated, especially if visiting desert regions, as the dry air can lead to dehydration.

Travel Insurance and Medical Care

Ensure that you have comprehensive travel insurance before visiting Iraq. This should cover unexpected health issues, travel disruptions, and emergency evacuations. While medical facilities in major cities like Baghdad and Erbil are improving, remote areas may have limited access to medical care. It’s a good idea to bring any necessary medications and health supplies with you, especially if traveling to less accessible regions.

Transportation and Road Conditions

In January, road conditions in Iraq can be challenging, especially in mountainous and remote areas where snow or rain can make travel difficult. In cities, the roads are generally clear, but it’s important to check the weather conditions before traveling to more rural locations. Public transportation may not be available in remote areas, so renting a car or hiring a driver may be necessary for exploring the country.

When traveling by car, ensure that the vehicle is equipped for cold weather, especially if venturing into mountainous regions where snow and ice can be a concern.

Things to Do in Iraq in January

Explore Ancient Mesopotamian Ruins

Iraq is home to some of the world’s most significant historical sites, and January is an excellent time to explore them without the extreme heat. The ancient ruins of Babylon, Ur, and Nineveh are must-see attractions for history buffs. The dry weather in January makes it a great time to walk through these ruins, including the Ishtar Gate in Babylon, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.

Visit the City of Erbil

Erbil, the capital of the Kurdistan Region in northern Iraq, offers a mix of ancient history and modern development. The Erbil Citadel, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world. January, with its cool temperatures, provides a comfortable climate for exploring the citadel and the surrounding markets, making it a pleasant time for visitors.

Skiing and Winter Sports in the North

For those interested in winter sports, the northern region of Iraq, particularly in the Kurdistan area, offers opportunities for skiing and snowboarding. The Bekhal and Korek Mountain resorts are popular destinations for skiing, and January provides the ideal snow conditions. The cold temperatures and snow-covered mountains make this a fantastic month for winter sports enthusiasts.

Experience the Culture of Baghdad

Baghdad, the capital, offers a mix of historical sites, vibrant culture, and unique experiences. Visit the Iraq Museum, which houses a wealth of artifacts from ancient Mesopotamia, or take a stroll along the Tigris River. January’s mild weather makes walking around the city more enjoyable. Additionally, you can experience the local cuisine, including dishes like kebab, dolma, and baklava.

Explore the Marshes of Southern Iraq

The marshes in southern Iraq, near the cities of Nasiriyah and Basra, are a UNESCO World Heritage site. These marshes offer unique landscapes and are home to a variety of bird species. January, with its cooler temperatures, provides an excellent opportunity to explore the marshlands and witness the migratory birds that pass through the region during this time. You can also visit the traditional mud-brick houses and meet the Marsh Arabs, a community with a rich cultural heritage.

Visit the Ancient City of Karbala

Karbala, a significant religious site for Shia Muslims, is famous for its role in the Battle of Karbala. Although the most important religious event, Ashura, occurs later in the year, visiting Karbala in January offers a peaceful and reflective time to learn about the city’s religious significance. The grand Imam Hussein Shrine is an architectural wonder and offers insight into the spiritual life of the country.